Fractura de cadera en pacientes centenarios, ¿qué podemos esperar? / Hip fracture in centenarians, what can we expect?

Introducción: La mejoría de la esperanza de vida está incrementando la incidencia de fractura de cadera en centenarios. Nuestro objetivo es comparar las características basales de una serie de centenarios con fractura de cadera frente a controles de menor edad, analizando si existen diferencias en cuanto a complicaciones, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y supervivencia a corto-medio plazo. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, tipo caso control, sobre 24 centenarios y 48 controles octogenarios con fractura de cadera. Se analizó la presencia de comorbilidades y el índice de Charlson, la demora quirúrgica, las complicaciones, la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad durante el ingreso. Al alta se valoró la mortalidad precoz, la supervivencia después del año y el retorno a la funcionalidad previa. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en parámetros basales ni en comorbilidades (p>0,05), siendo el paciente tipo una mujer con fractura extracapsular. La estancia hospitalaria fue mayor en el grupo control (p=0,038) y la complicación más frecuente la anemia, que precisó transfusión sanguínea (23/24 en los centenarios, p<0,0001). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria y acumulada al año en los centenarios fue del 33 y el 67%, respectivamente, frente al 10 y 25% en octogenarios (p=0,017, OR=4,3 [1,224-15,101] y p=0,110]. Solo 2 pacientes centenarios consiguieron volver a caminar tras la intervención, frente a un 53,84% que volvió a la situación funcional previa en los controles (p=0,003). Conclusiones: Frente a un grupo control de pacientes de menor edad, la mortalidad intrahospitalaria y en el primer año tras una fractura de cadera es significativamente mayor en los centenarios y muy pocos recuperan la actividad previa a la fractura.(AU)

Introduction: Hip fractures in centenarians are rising due to the increase in life expectancy. The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics of centenarians’ hip fracture with a younger control group, and to analyze whether there are differences in terms of in-hospital mortality, complications, and short-medium-term survival between them. Material and methods: Retrospective case-control study, with a series of 24 centenarians and 48 octogenarians with a hip fracture. Comorbidities and Charlson index, surgical delay, complications and mortality during admission, and hospital stay were analyzed. At discharge, early mortality, survival after one year, and return to previous functionality were assessed. Results: No significant differences were found in baseline parameters or comorbidities (P>.05), and the type of was a woman with an extracapsular fracture. Hospital stay was longer in the control group (P=.038), and the most frequent complication was anemia requiring transfusion (23/24 in centenarians, P<.0001). In-hospital mortality and accumulated at one year in the centenarians was 33 and 67%, respectively, compared to 10 and 25% in the octogenarians (P=.017, OR=4.3 [1,224-15,101] and P=.110). Only 2 centenarian patients were able to walk again after the intervention, while in the control group 53.84% returned to the previous functional situation (P=.003). Conclusions: Compared to a control group of younger patients, in-hospital mortality and in the first year after a hip fracture is significantly higher in centenarians, and very few recover activity prior to the fracture.(AU)

Hip fracture in centenarians, what can we expect? / Fractura de cadera en pacientes centenarios. ¿Qué podemos esperar?

Introduction: Hip fractures in centenarians are rising due to the increase in life expectancy. The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics of centenarians’ hip fracture with a younger control group, and to analyze whether there are differences in terms of in-hospital mortality, complications, and short-medium-term survival between them. Material and methods: Retrospective case-control study, with a series of 24 centenarians and 48 octogenarians with a hip fracture. Comorbidities and Charlson index, surgical delay, complications and mortality during admission, and hospital stay were analyzed. At discharge, early mortality, survival after one year, and return to previous functionality were assessed. Results: No significant differences were found in baseline parameters or comorbidities (P>.05), and the type of was a woman with an extracapsular fracture. Hospital stay was longer in the control group (P=.038), and the most frequent complication was anemia requiring transfusion (23/24 in centenarians, P<.0001). In-hospital mortality and accumulated at one year in the centenarians was 33 and 67%, respectively, compared to 10 and 25% in the octogenarians (P=.017, OR=4.3 [1,224-15,101] and P=.110). Only 2 centenarian patients were able to walk again after the intervention, while in the control group 53.84% returned to the previous functional situation (P=.003). Conclusions: Compared to a control group of younger patients, in-hospital mortality and in the first year after a hip fracture is significantly higher in centenarians, and very few recover activity prior to the fracture.(AU)

Introducción: La mejoría de la esperanza de vida está incrementando la incidencia de fractura de cadera en centenarios. Nuestro objetivo es comparar las características basales de una serie de centenarios con fractura de cadera frente a controles de menor edad, analizando si existen diferencias en cuanto a complicaciones, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y supervivencia a corto-medio plazo. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, tipo caso control, sobre 24 centenarios y 48 controles octogenarios con fractura de cadera. Se analizó la presencia de comorbilidades y el índice de Charlson, la demora quirúrgica, las complicaciones, la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad durante el ingreso. Al alta se valoró la mortalidad precoz, la supervivencia después del año y el retorno a la funcionalidad previa. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en parámetros basales ni en comorbilidades (p>0,05), siendo el paciente tipo una mujer con fractura extracapsular. La estancia hospitalaria fue mayor en el grupo control (p=0,038) y la complicación más frecuente la anemia, que precisó transfusión sanguínea (23/24 en los centenarios, p<0,0001). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria y acumulada al año en los centenarios fue del 33 y el 67%, respectivamente, frente al 10 y 25% en octogenarios (p=0,017, OR=4,3 [1,224-15,101] y p=0,110]. Solo 2 pacientes centenarios consiguieron volver a caminar tras la intervención, frente a un 53,84% que volvió a la situación funcional previa en los controles (p=0,003). Conclusiones: Frente a un grupo control de pacientes de menor edad, la mortalidad intrahospitalaria y en el primer año tras una fractura de cadera es significativamente mayor en los centenarios y muy pocos recuperan la actividad previa a la fractura.(AU)

Primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures in elderly patients / Artroplastia total de cadera primaria en fractura de acetábulo en el paciente anciano

Introduction: Life expectancy has risen, leading to an increase in acetabular fractures in fragile patients. Total hip arthroplasty with a reinforcement cage is a technically complex option, but allows fracture control and early mobilization. Our aim is to assess whether the use of Burch-Schneider cage in fragile patients with acetabular fractures allows immediate load stabilization without threatening the early survival of the arthroplasty. Material and methods: Descriptive study of a series of 14 patients with acetabular fractures treated by a reinforcement cage associated with autologous bonegraft plus a cemented acetabular cup, and mobilization and bearing. Judet Letournel fracture types, surgical delay, and complications during admission were analyzed. Following hospital discharge we recorded the incorporation of grafts according to Gie's classification, presence of calcifications according to Brooker, consolidation of the fracture, loosening of implants and functional aspects according to the HHS and Merlé D’Aubigné Postel score. Results: The most common fracture was both columns (6/14), with a surgical delay being of 11 days mean and 21,5 days of length of stay. One patient died after surgery. The mean follow-up was 34.4 months. All fractures healed and the bonegraft was incorporated in all cases. The mean HHS was 82 points and the Merle Score was 15/18. There were no complications related to arthroplasty. Conclusions: Total hip arthroplasty with Burch-Schneider cage on bonegraft and no added osteosynthesis is a good option of treatment of all types of displaced acetabular fractures in a fragile patient.(AU)

Introducción: El aumento de esperanza de vida está produciendo un incremento de fracturas de cotilo en el paciente anciano. La artroplastia total con anillo de refuerzo es una opción técnicamente compleja, pero permite el control de la fractura, la movilización y la deambulación precoz. Nuestro objetivo es valorar si el uso del anillo de Burch-Schneider en las fracturas de cotilo del paciente anciano permite la estabilización sin poner en riesgo la supervivencia precoz de la artroplastia. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre una serie de 14 pacientes con fracturas de cotilo tratados mediante anillo de refuerzo asociado a autoinjerto más implante acetabular cementado e inicio precoz de movilización y deambulación. Se analizaron los tipos de fractura según la clasificación de Judet Letournel, la demora quirúrgica y las complicaciones durante el ingreso. Al alta se valoró la incorporación de injertos según la clasificación de Gie, la presencia de calcificaciones según Brooker, la consolidación de la fractura, la movilización de implantes y los aspectos funcionales según la escala de HHS y Merlé D’Aubigné Postel. Resultados: La fractura más frecuente fue la de ambas columnas (6/14), la demora quirúrgica media de 11 días y la estancia media de 21,5 días. Un paciente falleció en el postoperatorio inmediato. El seguimiento medio fue de 34,4 meses. Todas las fracturas consolidaron e incorporaron el injerto. El HHS medio fue de 82 puntos y el Merle Score de 15/18. No hubo complicaciones relativas a la artroplastia. Conclusiones: La artroplastia primaria de cadera con anillo de BS sobre injerto sin osteosíntesis añadida es una buena opción en el tratamiento de todo tipo de fracturas de cotilo desplazadas en paciente frágil.(AU)

Artroplastia total de cadera primaria en fractura de acetábulo en el paciente anciano / Primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures in elderly patients

Introducción: El aumento de esperanza de vida está produciendo un incremento de fracturas de cotilo en el paciente anciano. La artroplastia total con anillo de refuerzo es una opción técnicamente compleja, pero permite el control de la fractura, la movilización y la deambulación precoz. Nuestro objetivo es valorar si el uso del anillo de Burch-Schneider en las fracturas de cotilo del paciente anciano permite la estabilización sin poner en riesgo la supervivencia precoz de la artroplastia. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre una serie de 14 pacientes con fracturas de cotilo tratados mediante anillo de refuerzo asociado a autoinjerto más implante acetabular cementado e inicio precoz de movilización y deambulación. Se analizaron los tipos de fractura según la clasificación de Judet Letournel, la demora quirúrgica y las complicaciones durante el ingreso. Al alta se valoró la incorporación de injertos según la clasificación de Gie, la presencia de calcificaciones según Brooker, la consolidación de la fractura, la movilización de implantes y los aspectos funcionales según la escala de HHS y Merlé D’Aubigné Postel. Resultados: La fractura más frecuente fue la de ambas columnas (6/14), la demora quirúrgica media de 11 días y la estancia media de 21,5 días. Un paciente falleció en el postoperatorio inmediato. El seguimiento medio fue de 34,4 meses. Todas las fracturas consolidaron e incorporaron el injerto. El HHS medio fue de 82 puntos y el Merle Score de 15/18. No hubo complicaciones relativas a la artroplastia. Conclusiones: La artroplastia primaria de cadera con anillo de BS sobre injerto sin osteosíntesis añadida es una buena opción en el tratamiento de todo tipo de fracturas de cotilo desplazadas en paciente frágil.(AU)

Introduction: Life expectancy has risen, leading to an increase in acetabular fractures in fragile patients. Total hip arthroplasty with a reinforcement cage is a technically complex option, but allows fracture control and early mobilization. Our aim is to assess whether the use of Burch-Schneider cage in fragile patients with acetabular fractures allows immediate load stabilization without threatening the early survival of the arthroplasty. Material and methods: Descriptive study of a series of 14 patients with acetabular fractures treated by a reinforcement cage associated with autologous bonegraft plus a cemented acetabular cup, and mobilization and bearing. Judet Letournel fracture types, surgical delay, and complications during admission were analyzed. Following hospital discharge we recorded the incorporation of grafts according to Gie's classification, presence of calcifications according to Brooker, consolidation of the fracture, loosening of implants and functional aspects according to the HHS and Merlé D’Aubigné Postel score. Results: The most common fracture was both columns (6/14), with a surgical delay being of 11 days mean and 21,5 days of length of stay. One patient died after surgery. The mean follow-up was 34.4 months. All fractures healed and the bonegraft was incorporated in all cases. The mean HHS was 82 points and the Merle Score was 15/18. There were no complications related to arthroplasty. Conclusions: Total hip arthroplasty with Burch-Schneider cage on bonegraft and no added osteosynthesis is a good option of treatment of all types of displaced acetabular fractures in a fragile patient.(AU)

Primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures in elderly patients. / Artroplastia total de cadera primaria en fractura de acetábulo en el paciente anciano.

INTRODUCTION: Life expectancy has risen, leading to an increase in acetabular fractures in fragile patients. Total hip arthroplasty with a reinforcement cage is a technically complex option, but allows fracture control and early mobilization. Our aim is to assess whether the use of Burch-Schneider cage in fragile patients with acetabular fractures allows immediate load stabilization without threatening the early survival of the arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive study of a series of 14 patients with acetabular fractures treated by a reinforcement cage associated with autologous bonegraft plus a cemented acetabular cup, and mobilization and bearing. Judet Letournel fracture types, surgical delay, and complications during admission were analyzed. Following hospital discharge we recorded the incorporation of grafts according to Gie's classification, presence of calcifications according to Brooker, consolidation of the fracture, loosening of implants and functional aspects according to the HHS and Merlé D'Aubigné Postel score. RESULTS: The most common fracture was both columns (6/14), with a surgical delay being of 11 days mean and 21,5 days of length of stay. One patient died after surgery. The mean follow-up was 34.4 months. All fractures healed and the bonegraft was incorporated in all cases. The mean HHS was 82 points and the Merle Score was 15/18. There were no complications related to arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty with Burch-Schneider cage on bonegraft and no added osteosynthesis is a good option of treatment of all types of displaced acetabular fractures in a fragile patient.

Hip fracture in centenarians, what can we expect? / Fractura de cadera en pacientes centenarios, ¿qué podemos esperar?

INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures in centenarians are rising due to the increase in life expectancy. The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics of centenarians' hip fracture with a younger control group, and to analyze whether there are differences in terms of in-hospital mortality, complications, and short-medium-term survival between them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective case-control study, with a series of 24 centenarians and 48 octogenarians with a hip fracture. Comorbidities and Charlson index, surgical delay, complications and mortality during admission, and hospital stay were analyzed. At discharge, early mortality, survival after one year, and return to previous functionality were assessed. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in baseline parameters or comorbidities (P>.05), and the type of was a woman with an extracapsular fracture. Hospital stay was longer in the control group (P=.038), and the most frequent complication was anemia requiring transfusion (23/24 in centenarians, P<.0001). In-hospital mortality and accumulated at one year in the centenarians was 33 and 67%, respectively, compared to 10 and 25% in the octogenarians (P=.017, OR=4.3 [1,224-15,101] and P=.110). Only 2 centenarian patients were able to walk again after the intervention, while in the control group 53.84% returned to the previous functional situation (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a control group of younger patients, in-hospital mortality and in the first year after a hip fracture is significantly higher in centenarians, and very few recover activity prior to the fracture.

Salvage of cephalomedullary nail cutout with the variable angle proximal femoral plate.

INTRODUCTION: Excellent results have been published in the treatment of the trochanteric fractures in the elderly with cephalomedullary nails or compression hip screws but not free of complications. The perforation of the lag screw through the superior cortex of femoral neck or head followed by rotation and varus collapse of the head-neck fragment, also known as cut-out, is one of them. Probably total hip arthroplasty is the most common solution, but there is no systematic technique for treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the results obtained in the treatment of this complication using a variable angle femoral plate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study concerns patients over 65 years with peritrochanteric fractures treated with cephalomedullary nail with cut-out failure solved by re-osteosyntesis with variable angle femoral plate between 1st January 2000 and 31 st December 2017. The series includes 29 patients, 26 women and 3 men with average age 87,3. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically at regular intervals until fracture consolidation at least 9 months. RESULTS: No patients died at the first 9 months after surgery. Fracture mean consolidation has occurred in all patients in 14th weeks (6-20). Operative time was 93,2 minutes (62-129) including removal of nail. No intraoperative complications were observed. Five patients experienced medical complications and two had a superficial wound infection. The mean tip-apex distance (TAD) was 5mm (2-7mm). The neck-shaft angle was 127 degrees. The mean valgization achieved was 32 degrees (15-40). Only one patient needed a second revision surgery due to aseptic hip joint subluxation after 8 weeks of the surgery solved with total hip arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The use of variable angle femoral plate in the cut-out treatment is an attractive option which allows the valgization of the fracture to virtually physiological limits and the placement of the cephalic screw in the most sutiable position with good outcomes and few complications.

Is the mortality higher in patients who have suffered a hip fracture? / ¿Es mayor la mortalidad en los pacientes que han sufrido una fractura de cadera?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to value whether patients who have suffered a hip fracture have a higher mortality than expected. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational study was carried out where patients with hip fracture were collected as a sample over a year. The study included 284 patients and a minimum follow-up was 2 years. The mean age of these patients was 84.26 years, with 21.48% (61/284) males and 78.5% (223/284) females. Survival and previous diseases that affect mortality, as risk factors, were collected and analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression model. Actual mortality was compared with that expected according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index, adjusted for age. RESULTS: Previous pathology was the main mortality factor, with heart disease being the most significant (OR 1.817, CI95%: 1.048; 3.149). The real mortality at one year of the sample was 22.5%, while the estimated annual mortality according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index was 29.68% (CI95%:44,36-15). CONCLUSIONS: Hip fracture does not cause an increase in mortality according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index estimate.

Factores de riesgo en fractura periprotésica femoral tras artroplastia sustitutiva primaria de rodilla / Risk factors of periprosthetic femoral fracture after total knee arthroplasty

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: Las fracturas periprotésicas tras artroplastia primaria de rodilla cobran gran importancia en nuestro medio debido tanto al aumento de su incidencia, como al reto que suponen para el cirujano. Múltiples factores se han asociado a su producción. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores de riesgo que podían influir en la aparición de estas fracturas, cuáles de todos ellos son modificables y generar un modelo de predicción de probabilidad de las mismas en función de dichos factores. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio analítico, observacional, retrospectivo, no pareado, de 38 casos de fracturas periprotésicas femorales de rodilla y 80 controles con prótesis de rodilla. En total, fueron incluidos en el estudio 118 pacientes, 83 mujeres y 35 hombres con una edad media de 72,49 años. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes médicos y consumo de fármacos, así como los relativos a la cirugía. Se realizó un análisis uni- y bivariante de los factores determinantes de fractura, usando un modelo de regresión logística para evitar el sesgo de confusión. RESULTADOS: De todos los factores estudiados según el modelo de regresión logística, se obtuvo que el sexo femenino (OR = 7,6), la demencia (OR = 5), la alteración motora/párkinson (OR = 19,3) y el sobrecorte femoral anterior (OR = 8,6) eran factores asociados al incremento de riesgo de este tipo de fracturas. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo permite concluir que hay factores de riesgo, como son el sexo femenino, la demencia y el párkinson, que aumentan la probabilidad de fractura periprotésica, que son inherentes al paciente y no son modificables. Sin embargo, existe algún otro totalmente modificable que puede evitarse siendo exigente y exhaustivo en la técnica quirúrgica, como es el sobrecorte femoral anterior

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Periprosthetic fractures after primary knee arthroplasty has great importance in our environment due to the increase in their incidence and to the challenge they pose to the surgeon. Multiple factors have been associated with its production. The objective of the study was to identify the risk factors that could influence the appearance of these fractures, which of them are all modifiable and generate a probability prediction model based on these factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analytical, observational, retrospective, unpaired study of 38 cases of periprosthetic femoral knee fractures and 80 controls with knee prostheses. In total, 118 patients, 83 women and 35 men with a mean age of 72.49 years were included in the study. Sociodemographic data, medical history and drug consumption were collected, as well as those related to surgery. A univariate and bivariate analysis of the fracture determining factors was performed, using a logistic regression model to avoid confusion bias. RESULTS: Of all the factors studied according to the logistic regression model, it was obtained that female sex (OR = 7.6), dementia (OR = 5), motor/parkinson's alteration (OR = 19.3) and femoral overcut Previous (OR = 8.6) were factors associated with the increased risk of this type of fractures. CONCLUSIONS: This work allows us to conclude that there are risk factors such as female sex, dementia and parkinson's that increase the probability of periprosthetic fracture that are inherent to the patient and are not modifiable. However, there is any other totally modifiable that can be avoided by being demanding and thorough in the surgical technique, such as the anterior femoral overcut

Risk factors of periprosthetic femoral fracture after total knee arthroplasty. / Factores de riesgo en fractura periprotésica femoral tras artroplastia sustitutiva primaria de rodilla.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Periprosthetic fractures after primary knee arthroplasty has great importance in our environment due to the increase in their incidence and to the challenge they pose to the surgeon. Multiple factors have been associated with its production. The objective of the study was to identify the risk factors that could influence the appearance of these fractures, which of them are all modifiable and generate a probability prediction model based on these factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analytical, observational, retrospective, unpaired study of 38 cases of periprosthetic femoral knee fractures and 80 controls with knee prostheses. In total, 118 patients, 83 women and 35 men with a mean age of 72.49 years were included in the study. Sociodemographic data, medical history and drug consumption were collected, as well as those related to surgery. A univariate and bivariate analysis of the fracture determining factors was performed, using a logistic regression model to avoid confusion bias. RESULTS: Of all the factors studied according to the logistic regression model, it was obtained that female sex (OR = 7.6), dementia (OR = 5), motor/parkinson's alteration (OR = 19.3) and femoral overcut Previous (OR = 8.6) were factors associated with the increased risk of this type of fractures. CONCLUSIONS: This work allows us to conclude that there are risk factors such as female sex, dementia and parkinson's that increase the probability of periprosthetic fracture that are inherent to the patient and are not modifiable. However, there is any other totally modifiable that can be avoided by being demanding and thorough in the surgical technique, such as the anterior femoral overcut.

Valor de la hemoglobina al ingreso como predictor de transfusión de sangre alogénica en fractura de cadera / Initial hemoglobin value as a predictor of allogeneic blood transfusion in hip fracture

Resumen: Introducción: La fractura de cadera es una causa de importante morbimortalidad y a menudo se asocia a una elevada tasa de transfusión sanguínea, terapia no exenta de complicaciones. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los factores dependientes e independientes del acto transfusional, así como elaborar un algoritmo que nos permita realizar una toma de decisiones basada en un modelo estadístico racionalizando el empleo de sangre alogénica. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo sobre 100 pacientes mayores de 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera de forma consecutiva. Se analizaron datos demográficos, toma de fármacos, comorbilidad, analítica pre- y postoperatoria, tipo de fractura y los relativos a la cirugía valorando de forma uni- y bivariada los factores determinantes del acto transfusional para controlar el posible sesgo de confusión. Resultados: Tras la aplicación del modelo bivariante de regresión logística sólo la Hb al ingreso (p = 0.04, OR = 0.451) y el tipo de fractura (p = 0.003, OR = 5.479) se consideraron asociadas al acto transfusional. El valor de la Hb al ingreso genera una curva ROC con un área bajo la curva de 0.848, aceptable para valorar la probabilidad de transfusión. Un valor de Hb al ingreso inferior a 12.15 g/dl predeciría de forma correcta la transfusión con una sensibilidad de 80% y una especificidad de 85 %. Conclusiones: La presencia de anemia preoperatoria y la fractura extracapsular de cadera generan un alto riesgo de necesidad transfusional, mientras que es improbable en fracturas intracapsulares sin anemia al ingreso. En nuestra serie existe un valor analítico que predice de forma satisfactoria 80% de las transfusiones sanguíneas.

Abstract: Introduction: Hip fracture is a cause of major morbidity and mortality and is often associated with high blood transfusion rate, non-complication-free therapy. The objective of the study is to evaluate the factors dependent and independent of the transfusional act, as well as to elaborate an algorithm that allows us to make a decision making based on a statistical model rationalizing the use of blood. Material and methods: Prospective study on 100 patients older than 65 years intervened for hip fracture consecutively. We analyzed demographic data, drug taking, comorbidity, pre- and postoperative analytics, type of fracture and those related to surgery valuing uni- and bivariate determinants of the Transfusional Act to control the possible bias of confusion. Results: Following the application of the bivariate logistic regression model only the HB at the admission (p = 0.04, OR = 0.451) and the type of fracture (p = 0.003, OR = 5.479) were considered associated with the transfusion act. The value of initial HB generates a ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.848, acceptable to assess the probability of transfusion. An initial HB value lower of 12.15 g/dl will predict the transfusion with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 85%. Conclusion: The presence of preoperative anemia and extracapsular hip fractures generate a high risk of transfusion need, while it is unlikely in intracapsular fractures without anemia at admission. In our series there is an analytical value that predicts satisfactorily 80% of blood transfusions.

Anillo de Burch-Schneider asociado a injerto óseo triturado, supervivencia y resultados clínicos en revisión acetabular / Burch-Schneider ring associated with morselized bone allografts, survival and clinical outcomes after acetabular revision surgery

Introducción y objetivos: La cirugía de revisión acetabular supone un reto por la aparición de defectos óseos que dificultan la fijación primaria de los implantes al extraer los componentes aflojados. Los anillos antiprotrusivos, como el de Burch-Schneider (BS) se han mostrado como aliados en defectos moderados o severos. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar resultados y supervivencia de este tipo de implantes en recambios acetabulares a medio plazo. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo sobre una cohorte de 64 pacientes (67 recambios) con anillo de BS asociado a injerto triturado con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años. Se recogen los datos relativos a resultados clínicos, incorporación de injertos, movilización de los implantes, supervivencia y complicaciones. Resultados: El seguimiento medio fue de 5,06 años (R=2,2-12). La escala de Merlé pasó de una mediana de 8 puntos a una mediana de 15 puntos al final del seguimiento (p<0,0001), con un 76,11% de resultados buenos o excelentes. La reproducción del centro de rotación anatómico se asoció con un mejor resultado (p<0,05). Se produjo incorporación total o subtotal de los injertos en el 97% de los pacientes, aunque esto no impidió una migración significativa del anillo según criterios de Gill en 6 casos. Se constató una supervivencia global del implante para cualquier causa del 93,4% a 5 años y del 84,6% a 10 años. Conclusiones: El anillo de BS presenta buenos resultados a medio y largo plazo permitiendo una reconstrucción anatómica en cirugía de revisión, además de permitir una reposición del stock óseo, estos resultados además son comparables y mejoran ampliamente a otros anillos

Introduction and objectives: Acetabular revision surgery is a challenge due to the appearance of bone defects that make primary fixation of implants difficult when extracting loosened components. Reinforcement rings, such as Burch-Schneider (BS), have been shown to be allies in moderate or severe bone defects. The objective of the study is to evaluate the results and survival of these types of implants in acetabular revision surgery in the medium follow-up. Material and methods: Retrospective study on a cohort of 64 patients (67 replacements) with BS rings associated with morselized bone allografts in a 2 years minimum follow-up. Data were collected regarding clinical outcomes, graft incorporation, implant mobilization, survival and complications. Results: The mean follow-up was 5.06 years (R=2.2-12). The Merle scale improved from 8 points to 15 points at the end of follow-up (P<.0001) with 76.11% of good or excellent results. Reproduction of the anatomical centre of rotation was associated with a better result (P<.05). There was total or subtotal incorporation of the bone allograft in 97% of the patients, although this did not prevent a significant migration of the ring according to Gill criteria in 6 cases. We observed an overall survival of the implant for any cause of 93.4% at 5 years, and 84.6% at 10 years. Conclusions: The BS reinforcement ring shows good results in the medium and long term enabling anatomical reconstruction in revision surgery as well as replacement of the bone stock. These results are also comparable and are a vast improvement on other rings

Comparación de resultados funcionales en 2 sistemas de fijación mediante hilera simple en sutura de manguito rotador / Comparison of functional results of two fixation systems using single-row suturing of rotator cuff

Introducción: La reparación artroscópica de los trastornos del manguito rotador es un procedimiento técnicamente exigente pero exitoso. En la actualidad hay disponibles muchas alternativas de anclas y suturas. La elección del implante por parte del cirujano es menos importante que la configuración de la sutura usada para fijar el tendón, no obstante hay que conocer si existen diferencias en cuanto a los resultados, utilizando cada uno de ellos. El objetivo del estudio es valorar si existen diferencias entre el implante anudado y no anudado en cuanto a resultados funcionales y de satisfacción. Material y métodos: Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo en 83 pacientes intervenidos entre 2010 y 2014 en nuestro centro mediante 2sistemas de anclaje con y sin anudado (39 frente a 44 pacientes respectivamente), con hilera simple en rotura completa de manguito rotador. Resultados: Una vez finalizado el seguimiento, se consiguió una puntuación media en la escala de Constant de 74,6. Un 98% de los pacientes, consideraron el resultado de la cirugía como satisfactorio. A nivel estadístico no hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en parámetros de funcionalidad, satisfacción ni reincorporación a actividades. Discusión y conclusiones: Los resultados funcionales de la sutura de manguito mediante hilera simple son satisfactorios, aunque estudios biomecánicos muestran ventajas a favor de suturas que reproducen un sistema transóseo. En nuestra serie de pacientes la presencia de anudado no muestra per se una diferencia funcional significativa siendo ambas técnicas superponibles en valores absolutos de funcionalidad y satisfacción de los pacientes

Introduction: Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff disorders is a technically demanding but successful procedure. Many anchor and suture alternatives are now available. The choice of the implant by the surgeon is less important than the configuration of the suture used to fix the tendon, however it is necessary to know if there are differences in the results, using each one of them. The aim of the study is to evaluate if there are differences between the knotted and non-knotted implant in terms of functional and satisfaction results. Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 83 patients operated between 2010 and 2014 in our center using 2anchoring systems with and without knotting (39 versus 44 patients respectively), with single row in complete rupture of the rotator cuff. Results: At the end of the follow-up, an average score was obtained on the Constant scale of 74.6 points. 98% of the patients considered the result of the surgery satisfactory. Statistically, there were no significant differences between the 2groups in terms of functionality, satisfaction or reincorporation to activities. Discussion and conclusions: The functional results of the single-row cuff suture are satisfactory, although biomechanical studies show advantages in favor of sutures that reproduce a transoseo system. It our series of patients the presence of knotting does not show per se a significant functional difference being both superimposable techniques in absolute values of functionality and patient satisfaction

Burch-Schneider ring associated with morselized bone allografts, survival and clinical outcomes after acetabular revision surgery. / Anillo de Burch-Schneider asociado a injerto óseo triturado, supervivencia y resultados clínicos en revisión acetabular.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Acetabular revision surgery is a challenge due to the appearance of bone defects that make primary fixation of implants difficult when extracting loosened components. Reinforcement rings, such as Burch-Schneider (BS), have been shown to be allies in moderate or severe bone defects. The objective of the study is to evaluate the results and survival of these types of implants in acetabular revision surgery in the medium follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study on a cohort of 64 patients (67 replacements) with BS rings associated with morselized bone allografts in a 2 years minimum follow-up. Data were collected regarding clinical outcomes, graft incorporation, implant mobilization, survival and complications. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 5.06 years (R=2.2-12). The Merle scale improved from 8 points to 15 points at the end of follow-up (P<.0001) with 76.11% of good or excellent results. Reproduction of the anatomical centre of rotation was associated with a better result (P<.05). There was total or subtotal incorporation of the bone allograft in 97% of the patients, although this did not prevent a significant migration of the ring according to Gill criteria in 6 cases. We observed an overall survival of the implant for any cause of 93.4% at 5 years, and 84.6% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: The BS reinforcement ring shows good results in the medium and long term enabling anatomical reconstruction in revision surgery as well as replacement of the bone stock. These results are also comparable and are a vast improvement on other rings.

Comparison of functional results of two fixation systems using single-row suturing of rotator cuff. / Comparación de resultados funcionales en 2 sistemas de fijación mediante hilera simple en sutura de manguito rotador.

INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff disorders is a technically demanding but successful procedure. Many anchor and suture alternatives are now available. The choice of the implant by the surgeon is less important than the configuration of the suture used to fix the tendon, however it is necessary to know if there are differences in the results, using each one of them. The aim of the study is to evaluate if there are differences between the knotted and non-knotted implant in terms of functional and satisfaction results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 83 patients operated between 2010 and 2014 in our center using 2anchoring systems with and without knotting (39 versus 44 patients respectively), with single row in complete rupture of the rotator cuff. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, an average score was obtained on the Constant scale of 74.6 points. 98% of the patients considered the result of the surgery satisfactory. Statistically, there were no significant differences between the 2groups in terms of functionality, satisfaction or reincorporation to activities. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The functional results of the single-row cuff suture are satisfactory, although biomechanical studies show advantages in favor of sutures that reproduce a transoseo system. It our series of patients the presence of knotting does not show per se a significant functional difference being both superimposable techniques in absolute values of functionality and patient satisfaction.

[Initial hemoglobin value as a predictor of allogeneic blood transfusion in hip fracture]. / Valor de la hemoglobina al ingreso como predictor de transfusión de sangre alogénica en fractura de cadera.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is a cause of major morbidity and mortality and is often associated with high blood transfusion rate, non-complication-free therapy. The objective of the study is to evaluate the factors dependent and independent of the transfusional act, as well as to elaborate an algorithm that allows us to make a decision making based on a statistical model rationalizing the use of blood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study on 100 patients older than 65 years intervened for hip fracture consecutively. We analyzed demographic data, drug taking, comorbidity, pre- and postoperative analytics, type of fracture and those related to surgery valuing uni- and bivariate determinants of the Transfusional Act to control the possible bias of confusion. RESULTS: Following the application of the bivariate logistic regression model only the HB at the admission (p = 0.04, or = 0.451) and the type of fracture (p = 0.003, or = 5.479) were considered associated with the transfusion act. The value of initial HB generates a ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.848, acceptable to assess the probability of transfusion. An initial HB value lower of 12.15 g/dl will predict the transfusion with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 85%. CONCLUSION: The presence of preoperative anemia and extracapsular hip fractures generate a high risk of transfusion need, while it is unlikely in intracapsular fractures without anemia at admission. In our series there is an analytical value that predicts satisfactorily 80% of blood transfusions.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fractura de cadera es una causa de importante morbimortalidad y a menudo se asocia a una elevada tasa de transfusión sanguínea, terapia no exenta de complicaciones. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los factores dependientes e independientes del acto transfusional, así como elaborar un algoritmo que nos permita realizar una toma de decisiones basada en un modelo estadístico racionalizando el empleo de sangre alogénica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo sobre 100 pacientes mayores de 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera de forma consecutiva. Se analizaron datos demográficos, toma de fármacos, comorbilidad, analítica pre- y postoperatoria, tipo de fractura y los relativos a la cirugía valorando de forma uni- y bivariada los factores determinantes del acto transfusional para controlar el posible sesgo de confusión. RESULTADOS: Tras la aplicación del modelo bivariante de regresión logística sólo la Hb al ingreso (p = 0.04, OR = 0.451) y el tipo de fractura (p = 0.003, OR = 5.479) se consideraron asociadas al acto transfusional. El valor de la Hb al ingreso genera una curva ROC con un área bajo la curva de 0.848, aceptable para valorar la probabilidad de transfusión. Un valor de Hb al ingreso inferior a 12.15 g/dl predeciría de forma correcta la transfusión con una sensibilidad de 80% y una especificidad de 85 %. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de anemia preoperatoria y la fractura extracapsular de cadera generan un alto riesgo de necesidad transfusional, mientras que es improbable en fracturas intracapsulares sin anemia al ingreso. En nuestra serie existe un valor analítico que predice de forma satisfactoria 80% de las transfusiones sanguíneas.

[Cost-effectiveness of a hallux valgus day-surgery program]. / Coste-efectividad del proceso hallux valgus en cirugía mayor ambulatoria.

INTRODUCTION: The development of one-day surgery units has shown to be a better use of health resources without reducing quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and quality criteria of ambulatory surgery program in the Hallux valgus process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on a sample of 753 patients who underwent a Hallux valgus process at our institution between 2002 and 2012 (292 in ambulatory surgery cohort and 461 in hospitalization group). The cost-process was evaluated using the Weighted Care Unitas a measuring unit. Secondary data were collected as regards discharge criteria and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between Weighted Care Unit spending on in-patient surgery and out-patient surgery. Both samples were comparable and no differences were found between diagnosis and intervention. The admission rate after ambulatory surgery was 2.39%, and the substitution index increased to 56.04%. The ambulatory surgery program was given a satisfaction rating of 84.6 out of 100. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that it is possible to maximize the substitution index of the Hallux valgus process leading to a better use of resources and a high degree of patient satisfaction.

Coste-efectividad del proceso hallux valgus en cirugía mayor ambulatoria / Cost-effectiveness of a hallux valgus day-surgery program

Introducción. El desarrollo de las unidades de cirugía mayor ambulatoria ha puesto de manifiesto una mejor utilización de los recursos sanitarios sin mermar la calidad de los mismos. El objetivo del trabajo es valorar la eficacia del programa de cirugía mayor ambulatoria en el proceso Hallux valgus y sus criterios de calidad. Material y métodos. Se analizan retrospectivamente todos los pacientes intervenidos del proceso Hallux valgus en nuestro centro entre de 2002 y 2012 obteniendo una muestra de 753 pacientes (292 en el grupo de cirugía mayor ambulatoria y 461 en el grupo de hospitalización). Se recogen los datos relativos al paciente y los datos relativos al coste, proceso utilizando como unidad de medida la unidad ponderada asistencial. Secundariamente se recogieron los datos en cuanto a los criterios de alta y satisfacción de los pacientes. Resultados. Se encontró una diferencia muy significativa entre el gasto en la unidad ponderada asistencial de pacientes hospitalizados y los que se intervinieron en cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Ambas muestras eran comparables y no se encontraron diferencias demográficas ni de tipos de intervención. El índice de ingreso poscirugía mayor ambulatoria fue de 2,39% y el de sustitución creció hasta el 56,04%. Se obtuvo un índice de satisfacción de 84,6 puntos sobre 100 en el programa de cirugía ambulatoria. Conclusiones. Los resultados de nuestro estudio indican que es posible incrementar al máximo el índice de sustitución del proceso Hallux valgus consiguiendo una mejor utilización de los recursos y con un alto grado de satisfacción de los pacientes (AU)

Introduction. The development of one-day surgery units has shown to be a better use of health resources without reducing quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and quality criteria of ambulatory surgery program in the Hallux valgus process. Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on a sample of 753 patients who underwent a Hallux valgus process at our institution between 2002 and 2012 (292 in ambulatory surgery cohort and 461 in hospitalization group). The cost-process was evaluated using the Weighted Care Unitas a measuring unit. Secondary data were collected as regards discharge criteria and patient satisfaction. Results. A significant difference was found between Weighted Care Unit spending on in-patient surgery and out-patient surgery. Both samples were comparable and no differences were found between diagnosis and intervention. The admission rate after ambulatory surgery was 2.39%, and the substitution index increased to 56.04%. The ambulatory surgery program was given a satisfaction rating of 84.6 out of 100. Conclusions. The results of our study indicate that it is possible to maximize the substitution index of the Hallux valgus process leading to a better use of resources and a high degree of patient satisfaction (AU)